启动类

//常见的springboot启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }

}

众所周知，SpringBoot就是从@SpringBootApplication这个注解开始启动的

@SpringBootApplication

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

	@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};


	@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
	String[] excludeName() default {};


	@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackages")
	String[] scanBasePackages() default {};


	@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackageClasses")
	Class<?>[] scanBasePackageClasses() default {};


	@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "nameGenerator")
	Class<? extends BeanNameGenerator> nameGenerator() default BeanNameGenerator.class;


	@AliasFor(annotation = Configuration.class)
	boolean proxyBeanMethods() default true;

}

其实在上面的所有注解当中，最为重要的是这三个注解：

  • @Configuration(@SpringBootConfiguration实质就是一个@Configuration）
  • @EnableAutoConfiguration
  • @ComponentScan

@EnableAutoConfiguration

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

	String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
//按类型排序不需要自动装配的类
	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
//按名称排除不需要自动装配的类
	String[] excludeName() default {};
}

从源码中可以知道，最关键的要属@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)，借助EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector，@EnableAutoConfiguration可以帮助SpringBoot应用将所有符合条件的@Configuration配置都加载到当前SpringBoot创建并使用的IoC容器。同时借助于Spring框架原有的一个工具类：SpringFactoriesLoader，@EnableAutoConfiguration就可以实现智能的自动配置。

AutoConfigurationImportSelector

	@Override
	public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return NO_IMPORTS;
		}
		AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
		return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
	}

getAutoConfigurationEntry方法

	protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return EMPTY_ENTRY;
		}
//获取注解的属性及其值（PS：注解指的是@EnableAutoConfiguration注解）
		AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
//在classpath下所有的META-INF/spring.factories文件中查找org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration的值，并将其封装到一个List中返回
		List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
		configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
//依据获取的属性值排除一些特定的类
		Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
//对上一步中所得到的List进行过滤，过滤的依据是条件匹配。这里用到的过滤器是
//org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnClassCondition最终返回的是一个ConditionOutcome[]
//数组。（PS：很多类都是依赖于其它的类的，当有某个类时才会装配，所以这次过滤的就是根据是否有某个
//class进而决定是否装配的。这些类所依赖的类都写在META-INF/spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties文件里）
		checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
		configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
		configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
		fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
		return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
	}

getCandidateConfigurations

	protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
		List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
				getBeanClassLoader());
		Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
				+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
		return configurations;
	}

SpringFactoriesLoader中加载配置,SpringFactoriesLoader属于Spring框架私有的一种扩展方案，其主要功能就是从指定的配置文件META-INF/spring.factories加载配置,即根据@EnableAutoConfiguration的完整类名org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration作为查找的Key,获取对应的一组@Configuration类

public final class SpringFactoriesLoader {

	/**
	 * The location to look for factories.
	 * <p>Can be present in multiple JAR files.
	 */
	public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";

	private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(ClassLoader classLoader) {
		Map<String, List<String>> result = cache.get(classLoader);
		if (result != null) {
			return result;
		}

		result = new HashMap<>();
		try {
			Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION);
			while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
				URL url = urls.nextElement();
				UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
				Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
				for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
					String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();
					String[] factoryImplementationNames =
							StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue());
					for (String factoryImplementationName : factoryImplementationNames) {
						result.computeIfAbsent(factoryTypeName, key -> new ArrayList<>())
								.add(factoryImplementationName.trim());
					}
				}
			}

			// Replace all lists with unmodifiable lists containing unique elements
			result.replaceAll((factoryType, implementations) -> implementations.stream().distinct()
					.collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), Collections::unmodifiableList)));
			cache.put(classLoader, result);
		}
		catch (IOException ex) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
					FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
		}
		return result;
	}
}

@EnableAutoConfiguration作用就是从classpath中搜寻所有的META-INF/spring.factories配置文件，并将其中org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableutoConfiguration对应的配置项通过反射（Java Refletion）实例化为对应的标注了@Configuration的JavaConfig形式的IoC容器配置类，然后汇总为一个并加载到IoC容器。这些功能配置类要生效的话，会去classpath中找是否有该类的依赖类（也就是pom.xml必须有对应功能的jar包才行）并且配置类里面注入了默认属性值类，功能类可以引用并赋默认值。生成功能类的原则是自定义优先，没有自定义时才会使用自动装配类。

@AutoConfigurationPackage

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {

	/**
	 * Base packages that should be registered with {@link AutoConfigurationPackages}.
	 * <p>
	 * Use {@link #basePackageClasses} for a type-safe alternative to String-based package
	 * names.
	 * @return the back package names
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 */
	String[] basePackages() default {};

	/**
	 * Type-safe alternative to {@link #basePackages} for specifying the packages to be
	 * registered with {@link AutoConfigurationPackages}.
	 * <p>
	 * Consider creating a special no-op marker class or interface in each package that
	 * serves no purpose other than being referenced by this attribute.
	 * @return the base package classes
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 */
	Class<?>[] basePackageClasses() default {};

}

这个注解是自动配置包，主要是使用的@Import来给Spring容器中导入一个组件 ，这里导入的是Registrar.class。

Registrar

	/**
	 * {@link ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar} to store the base package from the importing
	 * configuration.
	 */
	static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {

		@Override
		public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
			register(registry, new PackageImports(metadata).getPackageNames().toArray(new String[0]));
		}

		@Override
		public Set<Object> determineImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
			return Collections.singleton(new PackageImports(metadata));
		}

	}

总结

  1. spring.factories里面有这个类的配置类（一个配置类可以创建多个围绕该功能的依赖类）
  2. pom.xml里面需要有对应的jar包

参考