启动类
//常见的springboot启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
众所周知，SpringBoot就是从@SpringBootApplication这个注解开始启动的
@SpringBootApplication
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
String[] excludeName() default {};
@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackages")
String[] scanBasePackages() default {};
@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackageClasses")
Class<?>[] scanBasePackageClasses() default {};
@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "nameGenerator")
Class<? extends BeanNameGenerator> nameGenerator() default BeanNameGenerator.class;
@AliasFor(annotation = Configuration.class)
boolean proxyBeanMethods() default true;
}
其实在上面的所有注解当中，最为重要的是这三个注解：
- @Configuration(@SpringBootConfiguration实质就是一个@Configuration）
- @EnableAutoConfiguration
- @ComponentScan
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
//按类型排序不需要自动装配的类
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
//按名称排除不需要自动装配的类
String[] excludeName() default {};
}
从源码中可以知道，最关键的要属@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)，借助EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector，@EnableAutoConfiguration可以帮助SpringBoot应用将所有符合条件的@Configuration配置都加载到当前SpringBoot创建并使用的IoC容器。同时借助于Spring框架原有的一个工具类：SpringFactoriesLoader，@EnableAutoConfiguration就可以实现智能的自动配置。
AutoConfigurationImportSelector
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return NO_IMPORTS;
}
AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
}
getAutoConfigurationEntry方法
protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return EMPTY_ENTRY;
}
//获取注解的属性及其值（PS：注解指的是@EnableAutoConfiguration注解）
AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
//在classpath下所有的META-INF/spring.factories文件中查找org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration的值，并将其封装到一个List中返回
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
//依据获取的属性值排除一些特定的类
Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
//对上一步中所得到的List进行过滤，过滤的依据是条件匹配。这里用到的过滤器是
//org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnClassCondition最终返回的是一个ConditionOutcome[]
//数组。（PS：很多类都是依赖于其它的类的，当有某个类时才会装配，所以这次过滤的就是根据是否有某个
//class进而决定是否装配的。这些类所依赖的类都写在META-INF/spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties文件里）
checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}
getCandidateConfigurations
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
getBeanClassLoader());
Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
return configurations;
}
SpringFactoriesLoader中加载配置,SpringFactoriesLoader属于Spring框架私有的一种扩展方案，其主要功能就是从指定的配置文件META-INF/spring.factories加载配置,即根据@EnableAutoConfiguration的完整类名org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration作为查找的Key,获取对应的一组@Configuration类
public final class SpringFactoriesLoader {
/**
* The location to look for factories.
* <p>Can be present in multiple JAR files.
*/
public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(ClassLoader classLoader) {
Map<String, List<String>> result = cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
}
result = new HashMap<>();
try {
Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION);
while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();
String[] factoryImplementationNames =
StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue());
for (String factoryImplementationName : factoryImplementationNames) {
result.computeIfAbsent(factoryTypeName, key -> new ArrayList<>())
.add(factoryImplementationName.trim());
}
}
}
// Replace all lists with unmodifiable lists containing unique elements
result.replaceAll((factoryType, implementations) -> implementations.stream().distinct()
.collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), Collections::unmodifiableList)));
cache.put(classLoader, result);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
}
return result;
}
}
@EnableAutoConfiguration作用就是从classpath中搜寻所有的META-INF/spring.factories配置文件，并将其中org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableutoConfiguration对应的配置项通过反射（Java Refletion）实例化为对应的标注了@Configuration的JavaConfig形式的IoC容器配置类，然后汇总为一个并加载到IoC容器。这些功能配置类要生效的话，会去classpath中找是否有该类的依赖类（也就是pom.xml必须有对应功能的jar包才行）并且配置类里面注入了默认属性值类，功能类可以引用并赋默认值。生成功能类的原则是自定义优先，没有自定义时才会使用自动装配类。
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {
/**
* Base packages that should be registered with {@link AutoConfigurationPackages}.
* <p>
* Use {@link #basePackageClasses} for a type-safe alternative to String-based package
* names.
* @return the back package names
* @since 2.3.0
*/
String[] basePackages() default {};
/**
* Type-safe alternative to {@link #basePackages} for specifying the packages to be
* registered with {@link AutoConfigurationPackages}.
* <p>
* Consider creating a special no-op marker class or interface in each package that
* serves no purpose other than being referenced by this attribute.
* @return the base package classes
* @since 2.3.0
*/
Class<?>[] basePackageClasses() default {};
}
这个注解是自动配置包，主要是使用的@Import来给Spring容器中导入一个组件 ，这里导入的是Registrar.class。
Registrar
/**
* {@link ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar} to store the base package from the importing
* configuration.
*/
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
register(registry, new PackageImports(metadata).getPackageNames().toArray(new String[0]));
}
@Override
public Set<Object> determineImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
return Collections.singleton(new PackageImports(metadata));
}
}
总结
- spring.factories里面有这个类的配置类（一个配置类可以创建多个围绕该功能的依赖类）
- pom.xml里面需要有对应的jar包
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